Methods and types of beeswax production: Some substances react with paraffin wax to form complexes insoluble in petroleum products so that paraffin wax can be removed from oil products. The substances that can produce insoluble complexes with paraffin wax include urea, sulfur veins, selenium veins and hoof veins. Currently only urea is used in the industrial dewaxing process. The principle of urea dewaxing is that urea and paraffin components can be added to form a solid complex, and the complex is separated by solid and liquid and then recycled urea to get crude wax. The basic advantage of urea dewaxing process is that it is unnecessary to use freezing to produce low freezing point oil from the corresponding raw oil. However, this process is very complicated in terms of technology or process, resulting in its narrow application, such as dewaxing jet fuel and diesel fuel.
Extraction and dewaxing
The solubility of the easy to condense component and the low freezing point component is different in some solvents. According to this principle, the easy and low freezing point components can be separated by extraction. The process of dewaxing by extraction is called "extraction dewaxing". The extraction and dewaxing process is mainly divided into two types of high temperature process, that is, the temperature of the process is higher than the melting point of the separated paraffin, that is, under the temperature of the process, most of the easy to condensing components in the raw oil have been crystallized.
Bacterial dewaxing
The wax hydrocarbon components can be biotransformed in the process of fermentation and reproduction of some bacteria such as Candida limatolysis, and then dewaxing through solid-liquid separation is called bacterial dewaxing. This technology can not only obtain deoiled wax and dewaxed oil, but also obtain biological protein feed. The use of bacterial dewaxing is very limited, using only certain light and low viscosity oils such as transformer oil, and its equipment is very inefficient.
Adsorption dewaxing
The dewaxing of petroleum products can also be based on the different adsorbability of the easy to condense component and the low freezing point component. At the same time, all kinds of adsorbents can have different effects on petroleum products because of their different properties. Adsorption dewaxing is the selective adsorption of paraffin hydrocarbon components of oil under the action of molecular sieve to achieve the effect of dewaxing.
Catalytic dewaxing
N-alkanes with high freezing point can undergo selective hydrogenation cracking reaction and isomerization reaction with hydrogen under catalysis. These two types of reactions transform high-freezing n-alkanes into low-freezing small molecules and isomeric alkanes while leaving other hydrocarbons largely unchanged. Through such catalytic dewaxing methods, on the one hand, the freezing point of dewaxing oil can be reduced under high temperature and high pressure, and the quality of oil has been greatly improved. On the other hand, the toughness, strength and transmission of wax split into small molecules have been greatly improved.
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